CVE intelligence and bounded remediation
CVE-2025-61664 — A vulnerability in the GRUB2 bootloader has been identified in the normal module
A vulnerability in the GRUB2 bootloader has been identified in the normal module. This flaw, a memory Use After Free issue, occurs because the normal_exit command is not properly unregistered when its related module is unloaded. An attacker can exploit this condition by invoking the command after the module has been removed, causing the system to improperly access a previously freed memory location. This leads to a system crash or possible impacts in data confidentiality and integrity.
- Severity
- Medium
- CVSS
- 4.9 (3.1)
- Published
- 2025-11-18
- CISA KEV
- Not currently listed
- Ecosystem
- software/application
- Weaknesses
- CWE-825
Affected products
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Matched remediation archetype
Use-after-free, double free, and expired resource use
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Check exposure
- Trace ownership, references, callbacks, asynchronous tasks, and teardown paths around the affected object or resource.
- Identify reachable inputs and timing or state transitions that can release the object while references remain.
- Confirm affected builds, allocators, feature flags, architectures, and process privileges.
Remediate safely
- Apply the maintained ownership or lifetime fix and rebuild all artifacts containing the affected native code.
- Use explicit ownership, safe reference management, cancellation and join semantics, and idempotent teardown.
- Add deterministic lifetime tests plus isolated sanitizer and concurrency coverage for shutdown and error paths.
Authoritative sources
Complete CVE record and remediation plan
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